Brief history of the first meteorological observations in Almaty and Almaty region
The beginning of systematic monitoring in Kazakhstan dates back to the fifties of the XIX century. Such famous scientists as Semenov-Tienshansky, sh. Valikhanov, A. Golubev were at the origins, and in Almaty, in the Verny military fortress - V. Obukh, K. Larionov.
Chairman of the Kazakh meteorological Bureau oraz Jandosov highlighted two stages of development of the hydrometeorological service in Kazakhstan.
The first stage is that "the study of natural factors has passed through research and expeditions". Such expeditions were conducted in the 30s of the 18th century under complex programs.
The second stage is the creation of a ground monitoring network. This made it possible to conduct regular stationary observations to study the climate of Kazakhstan.
The first meteorological observations in Almaty began in 1859. Until 1915, observations were unstable. The quality of monitoring results was low due to frequent transfers of meteorological sites.
In 1915, the Verny weather station was built with funds allocated by the General geophysical Observatory. The house was located in the South of the city. The current weather station and administrative building located at the intersection of Abay, Seifullin, Masanchi, and Satpayev streets were moved in 1915. In addition to observations in Verny, weather stations were opened in other districts of the Almaty region. Thus, in 1912, a station was opened in Issyk.
Due to the need to study the climatic conditions in the mountains, a station (2516 m) was opened on the Big Almaty lake in 1915.
Since 1966, this station has the status of a snow avalanche station and conducts not only meteorological observations, but also systematic monitoring of hydrometeorological conditions for the formation and descent of snow avalanches in the Ulken river basin of Almaty.
From 1929 to 1935, meteorological stations were opened in Kegen, Kuygan, Kirghiz, Shelek, Bakanas, Kurti (closed in 1992).
In June 1935, the highest mountain station in Kazakhstan was opened on the Tuyuksu glacier. This place was popularly called mynzhilki (1000 horse fields). The organized weather station was named after the valley, and then the station was named mynzhilki. The station is located at an altitude of 3017 m.
The study of meteorological conditions in the Kishi river basin of Almaty in the 30s of the last century led to the opening of weather stations at different altitudes: Verkhny Gorelnik-2217 m (closed in 1996), Ust-Gorelnik-1942 m (moved in 2000), Medeu-1529 m.
In 1973, the Shymbulak snow-avalanche station (2200 m) was officially opened, and since 2000, meteorological observations have also been conducted here.
In recent years (in 2008), meteorological posts with snow-avalanche observations were opened: Zhosaly-Kezen pass (3334 m) and almatau t/b (1870 m).
In connection with the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan, stations with agrometeorological observations are being opened in the Almaty region. These stations monitor the development and growth of agricultural crops, pasture vegetation, grazing, and work in pasture farming.
From 1947 to 1951, the stations Aul-4 (Balkhash district), assy (Enbekshikazakh district) and Aidarly were opened for monitoring agrometeorological data.
Since ancient times, Apple orchards grow in the foothills of Almaty the weather Station "Almaty, Kamenskoe plateau" was created in 1960 to study the conditions of their growth and wintering. At the same time, the Aksengir weather station was opened.
